The hallmark symptom is pain that does not improve with rest or nonsedating pain medications, and will continue to get worse with time. If the pressure is allowed to persist, there will be decreased sensation, weakness, and paleness of the skin.

The doctor will perform a physical exam. If you have compartment syndrome in the forearm, you will have severe pain when the doctor moves the fingers up and down in. The forearm may be very swollen and shiny. There is also pain when the forearm is squeezed.

The diagnosis can be confirmed with a test that directly measures pressure in the area. This involves inserting a needle into the affected area. The needle is attached to a pressure meter. Compartment syndrome is diagnosed when the pressure is greater than 45 mmHg or within 30 mmHg of the diastolic blood pressure (the lower number of the blood pressure).

Treatment involves immobilizing the fingers and possibly the wrist so that they are in a bent (flexion) position.