A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure to create an opening through the neck into the trachea (windpipe). A tube is usually placed through this opening to provide an airway and to remove secretions from the lungs. This tube is called a tracheostomy tube or trach tube.

General anesthesia is used. The neck is cleaned and draped. Surgical cuts are made to expose the tough cartilage rings that make up the outer wall of the trachea. The surgeon then creates an opening into the trachea and inserts a tracheostomy tube.

A tracheostomy may be done if you have:

• A large object blocking the airway
• An inherited abnormality of the larynx or trachea
• Breathed in harmful material such as smoke, steam, or other toxic gases
• Cancer of the neck, which can affect breathing
• Breathed in harmful material such as smoke or steam
• Paralysis of the muscles that affect swallowing
• Severe neck or mouth injuries