Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Alternate Names : TAPVR
Symptoms & Signs
The infant may appear to be critically ill and may display the following symptoms: Note: Sometimes, no symptoms may be present in infancy or early childhood.
Diagnosis & Tests
- ECG shows signs of enlargement of the ventricles (ventricular hypertrophy).
- X-ray of the chest shows a normal to small heart with fluid in the lungs.
- Echocardiogram usually defines the attachment of pulmonary vessels.
- Cardiac catheterization can provide definitive diagnosis by showing abnormal attachments of the blood vessels.
- MRI of the heart can show the connections between the pulmonary vessels.
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