SVC obstruction
Alternate Names : Superior vena cava obstruction, Superior vena cava syndrome
Definition
SVC obstruction is a narrowing or blockage of the superior vena cava -- the second largest vein in the human body. The superior vena cava moves blood from the upper half of the body to the heart.
Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
Superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction is a relatively rare condition. Most often it is caused by cancer or a tumor in the mediastinum (the area of the chest under the breastbone and between the lungs). The types of cancer that can lead to this condition include: - Breast cancer
- Lymphoma
- Metastatic lung cancer (lung cancer that spreads)
- Testicular cancer
- Thyroid cancer
- Thymic tumors
Superior vena cava obstruction can also be caused by noncancerous conditions that cause scarring. These conditions include lung infections (such as tuberculosis), histoplasmosis infection, and inflammation of a vein ( thrombophlebitis). Other causes of superior vena cava obstruction include blood clots in the superior vena cava, aortic aneurysm, constrictive pericarditis, and enlargement of the thyroid gland (goiter).
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