RPR
Alternate Names : Rapid Plasma Reagin
Definition
The RPR screening test is similar to the older VDRL test as both measure reaginic antibodies. These antibodies are usually produced during infection with syphilis as a result of the body's interaction with the bacteria which causes syphilis (Treponema pallidum). This test is a useful screening tool for syphilis, yet its ability to detect syphilis depends on the stage of the disease.
In the earliest stage of syphilis (primary syphilis) this test is positive approximately 60% of the time. The test's usefulness increases with later stages of syphilis where it may be positive 70-90% of the time. In the final stages of syphilis, this test is usually positive in only 60% of cases.
There are several conditions which may cause a false positive test. These include HIV, lyme disease, mycoplasma pneumonia, malaria and systemic lupus erythematosus. This screening test, if found to be positive, must be confirmed by a more specific test for syphilis such as FTA-ABS.
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Why is the Test Performed?
Syphilis is a highly treatable infection. In addition to screening individuals with signs and symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases, syphilis screening is a routine part of prenatal care during pregnancy. Several states also require screening for syphilis prior to obtaining a marriage license.
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