There is no known way to prevent prostate cancer. Following a vegetarian, low-fat diet or one that is similar to the traditional Japanese diet may lower your risk. Early identification (as opposed to prevention) is now possible by screening men over age 40 each year with a digital rectal examination (DRE) and PSA blood test.

There is a debate, however, as to whether PSA testing should be done in all men. There are several potential downsides to PSA testing. The first is that a high PSA level does not always mean that a patient has prostate cancer. The second is that health care providers are detecting and treating some very early-stage prostate cancers that may never have caused the patient any harm. The decision about whether to use a PSA testing to screen for prostate cancer should be based on a discussion between the patient and his health care provider.