Pneumothorax
Alternate Names : Air Around the Lung, Air Outside the Lung
DefinitionA pneumothorax is collection of air or gas in the pleural space (the space surrounding the lungs). See also Spontaneous pneumothorax, traumatic pneumothorax, and tension pneumothorax.
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Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
There are several types of pneumothorax, which are classified by cause.
Spontaneous pneumothorax is the occurrence of pneumothorax without a clear cause. Primary spontaneous pneumothorax occurs when there is no known underlying lung disease. It is thought to be caused by the rupture of a small, air-filled sac in the lung called a bleb or a bulla. The disease affects tall, thin men between 20 and 40 years old most frequently. Cigarette smoking and family history are contributing factors.
Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is a complication of underlying pulmonary (lung) disease, such as COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis, and whooping cough.
Traumatic pneumothorax results from a traumatic injury to the chest. The trauma may be penetrating (stab wound, gunshot) or blunt (blow from a motor vehicle accident). Pneumothorax may complicate certain medical procedures.
Tension pneumothorax is caused when excessive pressure builds up around the lung, forcing it to collapse. The excessive pressure can also prevent the heart from pumping blood effectively, leading to shock.
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