Pleural Effusion
Alternate Names : Fluid in the Chest, Pleural Fluid
Definition A pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid between the layers of the membrane that lines the lungs and chest cavity.
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Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
Pleural fluid is normally formed in small amounts to lubricate the surfaces of the "pleura," which is the thin membrane that lines the chest cavity and surrounds the lungs. A "pleural effusion" is an abnormal collection of this fluid.
Two different types of effusions can develop. Transudative pleural effusions are usually caused by a disorder in the normal pressure present in the lung. Congestive heart failure is the most common cause of transudative effusion. Exudative effusions form as a result of inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the pleura, which is often caused by lung disease. Cancer, pneumonia, tuberculosis and other lung infections, drug reactions, collagen-vascular diseases, asbestosis, and sarcoidosis are some diseases that can cause exudative pleural effusions.
The cause and type of pleural effusion can usually be determined by taking a sample of the fluid by thoracentesis (removing fluid via a needle inserted between the ribs into the chest cavity, using a local anesthetic).
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