Otitis Media with Effusion

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Diagnosis & Tests

A direct inspection of the ear with an otoscope may show dullness, air bubbles, or fluid behind the eardrum. Pneumatic otoscopy reveals a decrease in the normal mobility of the eardrum. An ENT (ear, nose and throat specialist) might use otomicroscopy for improved visualization.

A tympanometer is a more accurate tool for diagnosing OME. A soft rubber probe is placed in the ear with an airtight seal. Reflected sound from the eardrum is measured as the machine varies the pressure in the ear canal, altering the stiffness of the eardrum. The results of the test suggest the amount and thickness of the fluid present.

An acoustic otoscope or reflectometer is a more portable device that does not require an airtight seal. It accurately detects the presence of fluid in the middle ear.

An audiometer or some other type of formal hearing test may be important to help decide what treatment is warranted.

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