Mitral Regurgitation - Acute
Alternate Names : Acute Mitral Regurgitation, Mitral Insufficiency
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Treatment
Hospitalization may be required for diagnosis and treatment of severe symptoms. The goal of treatment is to control the symptoms. Emergency surgery may be necessary if acute regurgitation is severe, usually resulting from endocarditis (valve infection), heart attack, or ruptured cordae (one of the supporting structures of the mitral valve).
Antibiotics may be prescribed if there is a bacterial infection. Anti-arrhythmics (drugs that regulate the heart rhythm) may be needed to control irregular rhythms. Vasodilators (drugs that dilate the blood vessels) reduce the workload of the heart. Digitalis may be used to strengthen the heartbeat and diuretics (water pills) to remove excess fluid in the lungs.
Anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications (blood thinners) may be used to prevent clot formation if atrial fibrillation is present, because atrial fibrillation increases the chances of clot formation. However, this treatment is primarily used for chronic mitral regurgitation.
In emergency situations when blood pressure cannot be maintained, devices such as the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) reduce backflow by enhancing foward blood flow into the aorta.
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