Early in the disease, symptoms may include:

• Excessive urination (polyuria)
• Low blood pressure
• Need to urinate at night (nocturia)
• Salt cravings
• Weakness

Late in the disease, symptoms of kidney failure may develop, which include:

• Coma
• Confusion
• Decreased alertness
• Delirium
• Drowsiness
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Extreme sleepiness (lethargy)
• Fatigue
• Frequent hiccups
• General ill feeling
• Generalized itching
• Headache
• Increased skin pigmentation (skin may appear yellow or brown)
• Muscle twitching or muscle cramps
• Nausea
• Pale skin
• Reduced sensation in the hands, feet, or other areas
• Seizures
• Unintentional weight loss
• Vomiting blood or blood in the stool
• Weakness

Blood pressure may be low. The skin may show dryness, abnormal color, pallor, or easy bruising.

Laboratory tests that may be done include:

• 24-hour urine volume
• BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
• Complete blood count (CBC)
• Creatinine - blood
• Creatinine clearance
• Electrolytes - blood
• Uric acid - blood
• Urine specific gravity (will be low)

The following tests can help diagnose this condition:

• Abdominal ultrasound or abdominal CT scan
• Renal biopsy