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Drug abuse

Any drug taken for purposes other than as intended or in a manner or in quantities other than directed is considered drug abuse.

Addiction is defined as compulsive use of a substance despite continued negative consequences. Simply needing a drug (like a painkiller or antidepressant) and taking it as prescribed is not addiction.

The signs and symptoms of addiction are different for each person but may include: insomnia, unpredictable moods, agitation, personality changes, excessive sweating, unexplained weight loss, bloodshot eyes, flushed skin, persistent running nose, and dazed appearance. An increased need for money and extraordinary time spent away from home may also be signs of drug addiction. As with alcoholics, at least half of all addicts have an additional mental disorder which will need evaluation and treatment if the person is to recover successfully.

Abuse and addiction are not just associated with illegal "street" drugs. Legal drugs such as laxatives, painkillers, nasal sprays, diet pills, and cough medicines can also be misused, resulting in serious health problems.

Elderly people have to be particularly careful about drug-related problems caused by taking more than one medication (for treatment of different diseases) at the same time. The interaction of two or more drugs when taken simultaneously can have serious health consequences. Older people on multiple medications need to be monitored and have a written drug administration schedule. When going to more than one doctor for the treatment of different problems, always inform each doctor about all the drugs you are currently taking. In fact, it is often useful to bring a list of current medications to your healthcare provider.

Avoid drinking alcohol while on medications--this combination can be very dangerous, particularly with tranquilizers or painkillers.

Drugs that treat nervousness and tension (such as Valium) are often abused, as are painkillers (such as codeine and morphine). However, most people given painkillers for pain will never become drug addicts and it is important to fully treat pain symptoms. Ironically, undertreatment of pain is more likely to produce addiction than using appropriate doses of medication.

Signs of drug abuse in teenagers may include: apathy, temper tantrums, missing school, sloppy dress, lack of interest in school, excessive demands for privacy, secrecy, and a change in group of friends. However, some teens may show none of these symptoms and teens who do have drug problems need continued parental attention and love, not just punishment.

Mothers-to-be should avoid taking any drug during pregnancy--especially during the first trimester when the fetus is very sensitive to drugs in the mother's body. If you have been taking any drugs just before becoming pregnant, inform your doctor.

See also chemical dependence - support group.