Infertility

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Infertility Diagnosis & Tests

A complete history and physical examination of both partners is essential.

Tests may include:

• Semen analysis to evaluate ejaculate. The specimen is collected after 2 to 3 days of complete abstinence to determine volume and viscosity of semen and sperm count, motility, swimming speed, and shape.
• Measuring basal body temperature -- taking the woman's temperature each morning before arising in an effort to note the 0.4 to 1.0 degree Fahrenheit temperature increase associated with presumptive ovulation.
• Monitoring cervical mucus changes throughout the menstrual cycle to note the wet, stretchy, and slippery mucus associated with the ovulatory phase.
• Postcoital test (PCT) -- to evaluate sperm-cervical mucus interaction through analysis of cervical mucus collected 2 to 8 hours after the couple has intercourse.
• Measuring serum progesterone (blood test).
• Endometrial biopsy.
• Testicular biopsy (rarely done).
• Measuring urinary luteinizing hormone by using kits commercially available for home use to predict ovulation and assist with timing of intercourse.
• Progestin challenge -- with sporadic or absent ovulation.
• Serum hormonal levels (blood tests) for either or both partners.
• Hysterosalpingography (HSG) -- X-ray procedure done with contrast dye that enables evaluation of potential transport from the cervix through the uterus and fallopian tubes.
• Laparoscopy to allow direct visualization of the pelvic cavity.
• Pelvic exam (women) to determine if there are cysts.