Hyperaldosteronism - Primary and Secondary
Alternate Names : Conn's Syndrome
Definition
Primary hyperaldosteronism is a syndrome associated with increased secretion of the hormone aldosterone (see the aldosterone test) by the adrenal gland, caused by an abnormality within the gland.
In secondary hyperaldosteronism, the increased production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex is caused by something outside the adrenal gland that mimics the primary condition.
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Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
Primary hyperaldosteronism used to be considered a rare condition, but some experts believe that it may be the cause of high blood pressure in 0.5% to 14% of patients. Most of the cases result from a benign tumor of the adrenal gland and occur in people between 30 and 50 years old.
The excess aldosterone secreted in this condition increases sodium reabsorption and potassium loss by the kidneys and results in electrolyte imbalances.
Secondary hyperaldosteronism is generally related to hypertension (high blood pressure) and swelling disorders, such as cardiac failure, cirrhosis of the liver, and nephrotic (kidney) syndrome. In these disorders, various mechanisms from the individual disease process cause the level of the hormone to be elevated.
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