Hepatorenal Syndrome

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Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis & Tests

Examination may reveal hepatic encephalopathy, jaundice, ascites, and other signs of liver failure along with the decrease in kidney functioning. Deep tendon reflexes are increased and abnormal reflexes may be present, indicating damage to the nervous system. The abdomen is dull on examination by tapping with the tips of the fingers (percussion), often with a visible fluid wave when examined by touch (palpation). There may be increased breast tissue, decreased testicular size, lesions (spider telangiectasia) on the skin or other signs of liver failure.

The following may indicate kidney failure:

• Absent or low urine production, less than 400 cc/day
• Very low urine sodium concentration
• Increased urine specific gravity and osmolality
• Low serum sodium
• Fluid retention in the abdomen or extremities
• Increased BUN and creatinine levels (Note: In people with liver disease, the BUN and creatinine levels underestimate the severity of kidney dysfunction.)

The following may indicate liver failure:

• Low serum albumin
• Abnormal PT
• Increased ammonia levels
• Paracentesis with ascites
• An EEG may be performed if signs of hepatic encephalopathy are present