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You are here : AllRefer.com > Health > Diseases & Conditions > Food allergy

Food allergy

Alternate Names : Allergy to food

Definition

A food allergy is an exaggerated immune response triggered by eggs, peanuts, milk, or some other specific food.

Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors

Normally, your body's immune system defends against potentially harmful substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins. In some people, an immune response is triggered by a substance that is generally harmless, such as a specific food.

The cause of food allergies is related to your body making a type of allergy-producing substance called immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies to a particular food.

Although many people have a food intolerance, food allergies are less common. In a true food allergy, the immune system produces antibodies and histamine in response to the specific food.

Any food can cause an allergic reaction, but a few foods are the main culprits. In children, the most common food allergies are to:

  • Eggs
  • Milk
  • Peanuts
  • Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, snails, clams)
  • Soy
  • Tree nuts
  • Wheat

A food allergy frequently starts in childhood, but it can begin at any age. Fortunately, many children will outgrow their allergy to milk, egg, wheat, and soy by the time they are 5 years old if they avoid the offending foods when they are young. Allergies to peanuts, tree nuts, and shellfish tend to be lifelong.

In older children and adults, the most common food allergies are:

  • Fish
  • Peanuts
  • Shellfish
  • Tree nuts

Food additives -- such as dyes, thickeners, and preservatives – may rarely cause an allergic or intolerance reaction.

An oral allergy syndrome may occur after eating certain fresh fruits and vegetables. The allergens in these foods are similar to certain pollens. Examples are melon/ragweed pollen and apple/tree pollen.

Many Americans believe they have food allergies, while in reality fewer than 1% have true allergies. Most people's symptoms are caused by intolerances to foods such as:

Pictures & Images

Food guide pyramid
Food guide pyramid

Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis

Food allergies
Food allergies

Read food labels
Read food labels

Dermatitis, perioral
Dermatitis, perioral

Antibodies
Antibodies

       
      See all Pictures & Images


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Review Date : 4/23/2009
Reviewed By : Stuart I. Henochowicz, MD, FACP, Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Georgetown University Medical School. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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