Diet and Disease

See all Pictures & Images

1. Calcium and osteoporosis

Calcium is one of the most important minerals for human life. It is essential for the formation and maintenance of healthy bones and teeth. Calcium also plays a vital role in nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood coagulation.

Osteoporosis is a disease in which the calcium content of bones has been depleted. In this disease, calcium and phosphorus, which are normally present in the bones, become reabsorbed back into the body. This process results in brittle, fragile bones that are easily fractured.

Adequate calcium intake throughout childhood and puberty is one key to preventing osteoporosis. Lack of a calcium-rich diet during these years keeps individuals from reaching their peak bone mass. A low-calcium diet later in life also increases the risk of osteoporosis.

The recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for calcium reflect the varying needs of individuals based on age, gender, and hormonal factors. Many foods, such as some vegetables, contain calcium, but milk and dairy products are some of the most readily accessible sources. Calcium can also be obtained by taking supplements.