Definition

In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatricians released their statement regarding the use of whole cow's milk during infancy. The findings were published in "Pediatrics" volume 89, number 6 in June of 1992. Plainly stated, the Academy recommended that whole cow's milk and low-iron formulas not be used during the first year of life.

Infants fed whole cow's milk receive inadequate amounts of Vitamin E, iron, essential fatty acids, and excessive amounts of protein, sodium, and potassium. These levels may be too high for the infant's system to handle. Additionally, whole cow's milk protein and fat are more difficult for an infant to digest and absorb.

The most dramatic effects are on iron levels in the body. Infants fed breast milk or iron fortified formula have normal iron levels. Recent studies show infants often have depleted levels when started on cow's milk at six months of age.

Optimal nutrition in an infant involves selecting the appropriate milk source and eventually introducing the infant to solid foods. In achieving this goal, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be fed breast milk or iron-fortified formula during the first twelve months of life. Between the ages of four to six months, appropriate solid foods may be added. Taking breast milk or iron-fortified formula, along with the age-appropriate solid foods and juices during the first year of life, allows for more balanced nutrition.