Choanal Atresia
Definition Choanal atresia is a narrowing or blockage of the nasal airway by membranous or bony tissue. It is a congenital condition, meaning it is present at birth.
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Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
The cause of choanal atresia is unknown, but is thought to result from persistence of the membrane between the nasal and oral spaces during fetal development. The condition is the most common nasal abnormality seen in the newborn infant, affecting about 1 in 7,000 live births. Choanal atresia may be either on one side or on both sides and is often associated (in about 50% of cases) with other congenital abnormalities.
The newborn is what is known as an "obligate nose breather," meaning it must breathe through its nose because its oral airway is not yet developed enough to allow for frequent mouth breathing. In fact, almost the only time an infant does not breathe through its nose is when crying.
Choanal atresia blocking both sides (bilateral) of the nose causes acute breathing problems with cyanosis and breathing failure. Infants with bilateral choanal atresia may need resuscitation at delivery.
Blockage on only one side causes less severe problems. Choanal atresia is generally recognized shortly after birth while the infant is still in the hospital.
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