Arthroscopy

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How is the Test Performed?

Typically, this procedure is performed on the knee joint. A local or regional anesthetic is administered, which numbs the affected area, but the patient remains awake and able to respond. For more extensive surgery, general anesthesia may be used. In this case the patient is unconscious and pain-free.

The area is cleaned with antiseptic soap. A pressure band may be applied to restrict blood flow (tourniquet). An incision is made into the joint, and sterile fluid is introduced into the joint space to provide a better view. The arthroscope is then inserted, and the inside of the joint is viewed by displaying the image on a monitor.

One or two small additional incisions by the knee may be needed, in order to use other instruments. These instruments can be used to remove bits of cartilage or bone, take a tissue biopsy, or perform other minor surgery. In addition, ligament reconstruction can be performed mostly using the arthroscope in many cases.

The procedure is similar for the shoulder except for the band used to restrict blood flow. Also, the patient is usually asleep in shoulder arthroscopy.

Diagnostic or simple arthroscopy usually lasts about 1 hour.