Acute kidney failure (Kidney failure, Renal failure, Renal failure - acute, ARF, Kidney injury

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Acute kidney failure

Alternate Names : Kidney failure, Renal failure, Renal failure - acute, ARF, Kidney injury - acute

Definition

Acute (sudden) kidney failure is the sudden loss of the ability of the kidneys to remove waste and concentrate urine without losing electrolytes.

Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors

There are many possible causes of kidney damage. They include:

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN)
Autoimmune kidney disease, including:
- Acute nephritic syndrome
- Interstitial nephritis
Decreased blood flow due to very low blood pressure, which can result from:
- Burns
- Dehydration
- Hemorrhage
- Injury
- Septic shock
- Serious illness
- Surgery
Disorders that cause clotting within the kidney's blood vessels:
- Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic thrombotic purpura (ITTP)
- Malignant hypertension
- Transfusion reaction
- Scleroderma
Infections that directly injury the kidney such as:
- Acute pyelonephritis
- Septicemia
Pregnancy complications, including:
- Placenta abruptio
- Placenta previa
Urinary tract obstruction

Pictures & Images

Kidney anatomy

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Acute kidney failure : Definition
Acute kidney failure : Overview, Causes, & Risk Factors
Acute kidney failure : Symptoms & Signs
Acute kidney failure : Diagnosis & Tests
Acute kidney failure : Treatment
Acute kidney failure : Support Groups
Acute kidney failure : Prognosis (Expectations)
Acute kidney failure : Complications
Acute kidney failure : Calling Your Health Care Provider
Acute kidney failure : Prevention
Acute kidney failure : References
Acute kidney failure : Pictures & Images
Kidney anatomy

Review Date : 7/11/2008
Reviewed By : Parul Patel, MD, Private Practice specializing in Nephrology and Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Affiliated with California Pacific Medical Center, Department of Transplantation, San Francisco, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

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